證

See also: 证 and 証
證 U+8B49, 證
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B49
← 譈
[U+8B48]
CJK Unified Ideographs 譊 →
[U+8B4A]

Translingual

Traditional 證
Shinjitai 証
Simplified 证

Han character

證 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓人廿 (YRNOT), four-corner 02618, composition ⿰訁登)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1180, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35946
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4021, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8B49

Chinese

trad. 證/証*
simp. 证*
alternative forms
 
䥌
䥭
𨨾
𨧭
𨭻
䥌
䥭
𨨾
𨧭
𨭻
𧁅
𨪔
𨨼

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).

Etymology

Cognate with 徵 (OC *tɯŋ, “to summon; to testify”).

Related to Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “true; exact”), Khmer ផ្ទៀង (phtiəng, “to correct; to verify”), but they may be Chinese loans. Perhaps related to 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to test; to verify”) and 真 (OC *ʔljin, “true”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸應切
Baxter tsyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciŋH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiəŋH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhèng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyingH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tәŋ-s/
English testify, prove

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
No. 2197
Phonetic
component
登
Rime
group
蒸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
證
Old
Chinese
/*tjɯŋs/

Definitions

證

  1. to prove; to testify; to verify
    論證/论证  ―  lùnzhèng  ―  to expound and prove
    證實/证实  ―  zhèngshí  ―  to confirm
    證人/证人  ―  zhèngrén  ―  (law) witness
    證訖/证讫  ―  zhèngqì  ―  QED
    試證此命題。/试证此命题。  ―  Shì zhèng cǐ mìngtí.  ―  Try to prove this proposition.
  2. proof; evidence
    物證/物证  ―  wùzhèng  ―  (law) material evidence
    鐵證/铁证  ―  tiězhèng  ―  solid evidence
    以此為證/以此为证  ―  yǐ cǐ wèi zhèng  ―  in witness whereof
    1. identification; identity document; credential; papers; ID card
      領證/领证  ―  lǐngzhèng  ―  to receive one's certificate (especially a marriage certificate)
      學生證/学生证  ―  xuéshēngzhèng  ―  student's identity card
      駕駛證/驾驶证  ―  jiàshǐzhèng  ―  driving licence
      無證駕駛/无证驾驶  ―  wúzhèng jiàshǐ  ―  to drive without a license
      憑證進入/凭证进入  ―  píng zhèng jìnrù  ―  enter with permission
    2. (transgender slang) diagnosis of transsexualism, gender identity disorder, or gender dysphoria
      刷證/刷证  ―  shuāzhèng  ―  to get such a diagnosis
  3. Original form of 症 (zhèng).
  4. a surname: Zheng

Synonyms

  • (to prove):
  • (proof):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

証

Kyūjitai

證

Kanji

證

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 証)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 証

Readings

  • On (unclassified): しょう (shō)
  • Kun: あかし (akashi)

Korean

Hanja

證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

  1. certificate, card

Derived terms

  • 신분증 (sinbunjeung, “identification card”)
  • 학생증 (haksaengjeung, “student ID”)
  • 면허증 (myeonheojeung, “driver's license”)

Vietnamese

Han character

證: Hán Việt readings: chứng[1][2][3][4][5][6]
證: Hán Nôm readings: chững[7], chống[8], chừng[8]

  1. chữ Hán form of chứng (“proof”).

References

  1. Génibrel (1898).
  2. Bonet (1899).
  3. Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. Nguyễn (1974).
  5. Trần (1999).
  6. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  7. Hồ (1976).
  8. Trần (2004).
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