死人
Chinese
| to die; dead; death | man; person; people | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (死人) | 死 | 人 | |
| simp. #(死人) | 死 | 人 | |
| alternative forms | 死儂／死侬 Min | ||
Pronunciation 1
Noun
死人
- dead person (Classifier: 個／个)
- 行有死人，尚或墐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xíng yǒu sǐrén, shàng huò jìn zhī. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- corpse (Classifier: 個／个)
- (colloquial, slightly vulgar, often humorous) unpleasant person; bastard; son of a bitch (Classifier: 個／个)
Synonyms
- (dead person):
- (corpse):
Dialectal synonyms of 屍體 (“corpse”) [map]
Descendants
Verb
死⫽人 (verb-object)
Synonyms
- (to die):
- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
- 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫／死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世／过世 (guòshì)
- 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Adjective
死人
Adverb
死人
- (analysable as 死 (sǐ, “intensifying adverb”) + 人 (rén, “person”)) to death; to be ... enough to make people die, an intensifying suffix; an augmented form of "adj. + 人" phrases (usually expressing frustration, discomfort, surprise) (Should we delete(+) this sense?)
- 兒子整天琢磨怎麼追到女朋友，心思根本不在學習上，真愁死人了。 [MSC, trad.]
- Érzǐ zhěngtiān zhuómó zěnme zhuī dào nǚpéngyǒu, xīnsī gēnběn bù zài xuéxí shàng, zhēn chóu sǐ rén le. [Pinyin]
- My son is thinking about ways to pursue a girlfriend all day; his mind is just not on studying at all. It's worrying me to death.
儿子整天琢磨怎么追到女朋友，心思根本不在学习上，真愁死人了。 [MSC, simp.]- 搵死人／揾死人 [Cantonese] ― wan2 sei2 jan4 [Jyutping] ― a huge pain in the ass to find
- (Mainland China Hokkien) very; rather; quite
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Pronunciation 2
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し Grade: 3 |
にん Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
From Middle Chinese 死人 (MC sijX nyin, literally “die, death + person”).
Noun
死人 • (shinin)
- a dead person, the dead
- (2003) Hellsing vol. 6, chapter 40 最終的な想像 5 (“Final Fantasy 5”), page 59:
- 死人が喋るな！
- Shinin ga shaberu na!
- The dead don't speak!
- 死人が喋るな！
- (2003) Hellsing vol. 6, chapter 40 最終的な想像 5 (“Final Fantasy 5”), page 59:
Synonyms
- See Thesaurus:死人
Idioms
Idioms
- 死人に口無し (shinin ni kuchi nashi): “the dead have no mouths” → the dead cannot speak: dead men tell no tales (that is, the dead cannot provide evidence against others); alternatively, the dead cannot speak up if the living blame them for things (the more common sense)
- 死人に妄語 (shinin ni mōgo): “telling lies on a dead person” → to lie and pin the blame on a dead person
- 死人に文言 (shinin ni mongon): “words at a dead person” → to lie and pin the blame on a dead person
- 死人の所には必ず鬼あり (shinin no tokoro ni wa kanarazu oni ari): “there are definitely demons around a dead person” → it is bad luck to be around a dead person, as the spirits of the deceased become demons and hang around
- 死人を起こして白骨に肉す (shinin o okoshite hakkotsu ni nikusu): “to raise the dead and put meat on their bleached bones” → a metaphor for how strongly one feels gratitude and indebtedness to another person, that they would go so far as to bring them back to life
- 死人を証拠にする (shinin o shōko ni suru): “to use a dead person as evidence” → to rely on the actions or speech of someone now dead as evidence, even when it is unclear if the dead person actually did or said those things: to base one's case on shaky grounds
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し Grade: 3 |
ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| jūbakoyomi | |
Compound of 死 (shi, “death, dead”) + 人 (hito, “person”).[3][1] The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Usage notes
The shinin reading is more common in modern Japanese when this term is used in isolation. The shibito reading is common in certain derived compounds.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 死人の枕 (shibito no makura): “dead man's pillow”: alternate name for 靫草 (utsubogusa): Prunella vulgaris, common selfheal or heal-all, an edible herb
- 死人花 (shibitobana): “dead man's flower”: alternate name for 彼岸花 (higanbana): Lycoris radiata, red spider lily or red magic lily, a kind of flower
- 死人色 (shibito iro): “dead person's color”: a deathly pallor, an unhealthy blueish pale color
- 死人草 (shibitogusa): “dead man's herb”: alternate name for 彼岸花 (higanbana): Lycoris radiata, red spider lily or red magic lily, a kind of flower
- 死人担 (shibito katsugi): “dead person's carrier” → a pallbearer, someone who helps carry the coffin in a funeral procession
- 死人返 (shibitogaeri): “dead person's turn-back” → in kabuki, a somersault performed from a standing position, done by a character who has just been killed by a sword
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し(に) Grade: 3 |
ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi | |
Compound of 死に (shini, “dying, death”) + 人 (hito, “person”).[3][1] The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Usage notes
The shinin reading is more common in modern Japanese.
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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